Long-term culture of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) often induces chromosomal abnormalities, which limits their clinical use. However, the underlying mechanisms are unclear. Early replication fragile sites (ERFSs) are genomic loci susceptible to breakage in early S-phase and serve as hotspots for chromosomal rearrangements, with established links to carcinogenesis. To map ERFSs in hESCs, we established the early S-phase synchronization protocols and identified ERFSs. These ERFSs are enriched in GC content and short interspersed nuclear elements (SINEs) and are frequently located in promoters or enhancers of genes involved in pluripotency, proliferation, and genomic stability. ERFSs also overlap with regions associated with copy number variants (CNVs) and single nucleotide variants (SNVs) linked to cancers. Furthermore, we found that chromatin accessibility contributes to ERFS formation. Collectively, these findings provide a key resource for advancing ERFS research, offering insights into the phenotypic and genomic alterations observed in long-term hESC cultures.

This discovery enriches Chinas bat species recordsand provides critical insights into the biogeographic patterns and evolutionary history of bats in Southwest China—a recognized global biodiversity hotspot.

Text-decoration:underline}A collaborative research team led by CAS Member Zhang Yaping at KIZ has developed an innovative multi-enzyme-mimicking nanoplatformcapable of inducing multiple programmed cell death pathways simultaneously for enhanced tumor treatment.

Show concurrent downregulation in AD patients and mouse models-Multi-gene knockdown synergistically disrupts mitochondrial complex I function and activates caspase-7-mediated apoptosis-Treatment with apoptosis inhibitor Q-VD-OPh reduced A β plaque burden and improved learning/memory in APP/PS1 miceClinical Implications:This research provides a new paradigm for understanding complex genetic networks in AD and identifies caspase-7-mediated apoptosis as a potential therapeutic target for multi-gene network-based combination therapies.

With 60+species having type localities in Gaoligong Mountains-Insects:500 common agricultural/forestry speciesScientific Value:This landmark publication synthesizes decades of systematic research since the 1950s and provides critical scientific support for establishing Gaoligong Mountains National Park.

Research Breakthrough:-Obtained ancient genomesfrom Loyang Mendale cave in North Sumatra-Two-stage model proposed:Early Holocene deep divergence followed by multiple migrations during Neolithic expansion-Wallaces Line served as a long-term barrier not only for flora/fauna but also for human populationsKey Findings:-Western Indonesian populations show closer affinity to Mainland Southeast Asian hunter-gatherers-Eastern populations share more genetic connections with Papuan-related groups-Austronesian expansion introduced East Asian ancestry and agricultural practices but did not erase pre-existing regional differencesGlobal Significance:This research provides crucial evidence for understanding Austronesian origins.

The Project of Financial Funds of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs:Investigation of Fishery Resources and Habitat in the Pearl River Basin.

A research team from the Kunming Institute of Zoologyof the Chinese Academy of Sciences has demonstrated for the first time in non-human primates that auditory stimulation at 40 Hz significantly elevates β-amyloid levels in the cerebrospinal fluidof aged rhesus monkeys.

A groundbreaking study led by Prof. Douglas W. Yu at the Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, has ushered in a new era for biodiversity monitoring in complex mountain ecosystems.

A research team led by Prof. LAI Ren from the Kunming Institute of Zoology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences has found that estrogen significantly upregulates lactoferrin, which in turn enhances the activity of coagulation Factor XIa (FXIa), thereby promoting thrombin generation and thrombus formation. This study was recently published in Blood.