An international research team led by KIZ's Molecular Paleontology Group has reconstructed the west-east genetic differentiation history of Indonesian populations across Wallace's Line using ancient genomics.

Research Breakthrough:

- Obtained ancient genomes (~3,300 and ~1,700 years old) from Loyang Mendale cave in North Sumatra

- Two-stage model proposed: Early Holocene deep divergence followed by multiple migrations during Neolithic expansion

- Wallace's Line served as a long-term barrier not only for flora/fauna but also for human populations

Key Findings:

- Western Indonesian populations show closer affinity to Mainland Southeast Asian hunter-gatherers

- Eastern populations share more genetic connections with Papuan-related groups

- Austronesian expansion introduced East Asian ancestry and agricultural practices but did not erase pre-existing regional differences

Global Significance:

This research provides crucial evidence for understanding Austronesian origins, island Southeast Asian migration networks, and mechanisms shaping global island population diversity.

DOI:https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2589004226013490